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@@ -1,20 +1,3 @@
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-## 啊哦,亲,你看得也太快了。。。还没翻译完呢 0 0
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-
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-要不等到 **2014 年 6 月 8 日** 再来看看吧~~
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-
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-这里还有一些其它的学习资源噢~
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-
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- - [《Go编程基础》](https://github.com/Unknwon/go-fundamental-programming)
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- - [《Go Web编程》](https://github.com/astaxie/build-web-application-with-golang)
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- - [《Go名库讲解》](https://github.com/Unknwon/go-rock-libraries-showcases)
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-
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-神马?你说你不想学习?那好吧,去逛逛看看行情也行~
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-
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-- [Go Walker](https://gowalker.org) **Go 项目 API 文档在线浏览工具**
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-- [Go 中国社区](http://bbs.go-china.org)
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-- [Go语言学习园地](http://studygolang.com/)
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-- [Golang中国](http://golangtc.com)
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-
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# 5.4 for 结构
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# 5.4 for 结构
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如果想要重复执行某些语句,Go 语言中您只有 for 结构可以使用。不要小看它,这个 for 结构比其它语言中的更为灵活。
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如果想要重复执行某些语句,Go 语言中您只有 for 结构可以使用。不要小看它,这个 for 结构比其它语言中的更为灵活。
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@@ -254,3 +237,159 @@ for t, err = p.Token(); err == nil; t, err = p.Token() {
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## 5.4.4 for-range 结构
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## 5.4.4 for-range 结构
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+这是 Go 特有的一种的迭代结构,您会发现它在许多情况下都非常有用。它可以迭代任何一个集合(包括数组和 map,详见第 7 和 8 章)。语法上很类似其它语言中 foreach 语句,但您依旧可以获得每次迭代所对应的索引。一般形式为:`for ix, val := range coll { }`。
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+
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+要注意的是,`val` 始终为集合中对应索引的值拷贝,因此它一般只具有只读性质,对它所做的任何修改都不会影响到集合中原有的值(** 译者注:如果 `val` 为指针,则会产生指针的拷贝,依旧可以修改集合中的原值 **)。一个字符串是 Unicode 编码的字符(或称之为 `rune`)集合,因此您也可以用它迭代字符串:
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+
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+```
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+for pos, char := range str {
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+...
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+}
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+```
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+
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+每个 rune 字符和索引在 for-range 循环中是一一对应的。它能够自动根据 UTF-8 规则识别 Unicode 编码的字符。
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+
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+Listing 5.9 [range_string.go](examples/chapter_5/range_string.go):
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+
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+```
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+package main
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+
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+import "fmt"
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+
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+func main() {
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+ str := "Go is a beautiful language!"
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+ fmt.Printf("The length of str is: %d\n", len(str))
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+ for pos, char := range str {
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+ fmt.Printf("Character on position %d is: %c \n", pos, char)
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+ }
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+ fmt.Println()
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+ str2 := "Chinese: 日本語"
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+ fmt.Printf("The length of str2 is: %d\n", len(str2))
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+ for pos, char := range str2 {
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+ fmt.Printf("character %c starts at byte position %d\n", char, pos)
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+ }
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+ fmt.Println()
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+ fmt.Println("index int(rune) rune char bytes")
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+ for index, rune := range str2 {
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+ fmt.Printf("%-2d %d %U '%c' % X\n", index, rune, rune, rune, []byte(string(rune)))
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+ }
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+}
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+```
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+
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+输出:
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+
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+```
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+The length of str is: 27
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+Character on position 0 is: G
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+Character on position 1 is: o
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+Character on position 2 is:
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+Character on position 3 is: i
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+Character on position 4 is: s
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+Character on position 5 is:
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+Character on position 6 is: a
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+Character on position 7 is:
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+Character on position 8 is: b
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+Character on position 9 is: e
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+Character on position 10 is: a
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+Character on position 11 is: u
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+Character on position 12 is: t
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+Character on position 13 is: i
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+Character on position 14 is: f
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+Character on position 15 is: u
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+Character on position 16 is: l
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+Character on position 17 is:
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+Character on position 18 is: l
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+Character on position 19 is: a
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+Character on position 20 is: n
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+Character on position 21 is: g
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+Character on position 22 is: u
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+Character on position 23 is: a
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+Character on position 24 is: g
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+Character on position 25 is: e
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+Character on position 26 is: !
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+
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+The length of str2 is: 18
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+character C starts at byte position 0
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+character h starts at byte position 1
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+character i starts at byte position 2
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+character n starts at byte position 3
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+character e starts at byte position 4
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+character s starts at byte position 5
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+character e starts at byte position 6
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+character : starts at byte position 7
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+character starts at byte position 8
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+character 日 starts at byte position 9
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+character 本 starts at byte position 12
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+character 語 starts at byte position 15
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+
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+index int(rune) rune char bytes
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+0 67 U+0043 'C' 43
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+1 104 U+0068 'h' 68
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+2 105 U+0069 'i' 69
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+3 110 U+006E 'n' 6E
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+4 101 U+0065 'e' 65
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+5 115 U+0073 's' 73
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+6 101 U+0065 'e' 65
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+7 58 U+003A ':' 3A
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+8 32 U+0020 ' ' 20
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+9 26085 U+65E5 '日' E6 97 A5
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+12 26412 U+672C '本' E6 9C AC
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+15 35486 U+8A9E '語' E8 AA 9E
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+```
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+
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+请将输出结果和 Listing 5.7(for_string.go)进行对比。
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+
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+我们可以看到,常用英文字符使用 1 个字节表示,而中文字符使用 3 个字符表示。
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+
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+**练习 5.9** 以下程序的输出结果是什么?
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+
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+```
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+for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
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+ var v int
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+ fmt.Printf("%d ", v)
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+ v = 5
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+}
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+```
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+
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+**问题 5.2:** 请描述以下 for 循环的输出结果:
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+
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+1.
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+
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+```
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+for i := 0; ; i++ {
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+ fmt.Println("Value of i is now:", i)
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+}
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+```
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+
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+2.
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+
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+```
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+for i := 0; i < 3; {
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+ fmt.Println("Value of i:", i)
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+}
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+```
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+
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+3.
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+
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+```
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+s := ""
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+for ; s != "aaaaa"; {
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+ fmt.Println("Value of s:", s)
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+ s = s + "a"
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+}
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+```
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+
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+4.
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+
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+```
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+for i, j, s := 0, 5, "a"; i < 3 && j < 100 && s != "aaaaa"; i, j,
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+ s = i+1, j+1, s + "a" {
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+ fmt.Println("Value of i, j, s:", i, j, s)
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+}
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+```
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+
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+## 链接
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+
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+- [目录](directory.md)
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+- 上一节:[switch 结构](05.3.md)
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+- 下一节:[Break 与 continue](05.5.md)
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